POUVOIR

POUVOIR


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« La conservation des archives a été, de tout temps, liée à l’exercice du pouvoir : posséder la mémoire est un moyen essentiel de gouverner et d’administrer. » (Duchein, 1983, p. 2)

« [L]es archives participent toujours déjà d’un système de domination.  Elles sont, en effet, le fruit des rapports de force qui animent la société et  ne peuvent, en première instance, représenter que ces rapports sociaux. » (Klein, 2014, p. 235)

Comme le déclare l’historien Jacques LeGoff, le document « n’est pas un matériau brut, objectif, innocent, mais [il] exprime le pouvoir de la société du passé sur  la mémoire et sur l’avenir : le document est monument ». (LeGoff, 1988, p. 20)

« Brian Brothman a bien résumé ce constat : “ [Archivists] are not simply  ‘ acquiring ’ and ‘ preserving ’ records of value; [they] are creating value, that is,  an order of value, by putting things in their proper place, by making place(s) for them… the history of the record does not stop at the portals of archives. Archives are participants in and shapers of that history. ” » (Brothman, 1991, p. 82, 91, cité dans Wallot, 1998, p. 70, en italique dans le texte)

« That the existence, preservation, and availability of archives, documents, records in our society are very much determined by the distribution of wealth and power. That is, the most powerful, the richest elements in society have  the greatest capacity to find documents, preserve them, and decide what is  or is not available to the public. This means government, business, and  the military are dominant. » (Zinn, 1977, p. 20)

« Archives have always been about power, whether it is the power of the state, the church, the corporation, the family, the public, or the individual. Archives have the power to privilege and to marginalize. They can be a tool of hegemony; they can be a tool of resistance. » (Schwartz et Cook, 2002, p. 13, nous soulignons)

« Archives then are not some pristine storehouse of historical documentation that has piled up, but a reflection of and often justification for the society that creates them. » (Schwartz et Cook, 2002, p. 12)

(Voir Contre-pouvoir)


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